Routing Protocol Performance Issues and Evaluation Considerations in MANET Abstract: Mobile nodes in Wire less a d-hoc networ k need to operate as routers in or d er to maintain the informa tion ab out network connectivity as there is no centralized infrastructure. Therefore, Routing Protocols are required which could adapt dynamically to the changing topologies and works at low data rates. As are sult, there arises a need for the compreh ensive performance evaluation of the ad-doc routing protocols in same frame work to under stand their comparative merits and suitability for deployment in different scenarios. In this paper the protocols suite selected for comparison are AODV, DSR, TORA and OLSR ad- hoc routing protocols, as these were the most promising from all other protocols. The performance of these protocols is evaluated through exhaustive simulations using the OPNET Model network simulator under different parameters like routing over head, delay, throughput and network load under varying the mobile nodes.

Key words: MRAC, Ad-hoc Networks, AODV, DSR, TORA, OLSR, OPNET. Reference [1]. Klaus Nieminen,'Introduction to Ad-Hoc Networking',. Humaira Ehsan and Zartash Afzal Uzmi 'Performance Comparison of Ad Hoc Wireless Network Routing Protocols,' Proceedings of INMIC 8th International, 24-26 Dec. 2004, pp-457- 465. E Perkins and E.

Royer,'Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing,' Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, New Orleans, LA, pp-90-100, February1999. Johson, David A. Maltz and Josh Broch, 'DSR: The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Multihop Wireless Ad-Hoc networks', in Ad-hoc Networking, Edited by Charles E. Perkins, Chapter-5, pp-139-172, Addison-Wesley, 2001. Scott Corson, 'A performance comparison of the Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) and Ideal Link-State Routing', Proceedings of IEEE symposium on Computerand Communication, June 1998. Scott Corson, 'TemporallyOrdered Routing Algorithm (TORA) Version 1: Functional Specification', Internet draft, draft-ietf-manettora-spec-01.txt, August 1998.

All gear pairs, except the worm gear, have identical gear ratios. The experiments were performed at speed 1420 rpm and the torque was 4 Nm. The results showed that the wear rates (in the form of weight loss) of spur gears were consistent with the previous results and the other gear types had larger wear. Tajima Dgml By Pulse Edition X2 Maestro Harrell.

Muhlethaler, T. Qayyum and L. Viennot, ' Optimized Link State Routing Protocol for Ad-Hoc Networks', Proceedings of 5th IEEE Multi Topic conference (INMIC 2001), 2001.

Alam, 'Performance Evaluation of Important Ad-hoc Nnetwork Protocols', Proceedings of EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking Volume 2006, Issue 2 (April 2006), pp- 42 – 42. Peiyan, and L.

Chunlin, 'Performance evaluation and simulations of routing protocols in Ad hoc networks,' Computer Communications, vol. 1890-1998, 2007.

P.Venkata Maheswara, K. Bhaskar Naik 01-05 2. A review of recent developments in national spatial data infrastructures (NSDI) Abstract: Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) is the geographic data framework implementation of data, metadata, users and tools in terms of data infrastructure that are connected in interactive way to allow the flexibly and efficient use of the data. The SDI has different components which work together to make the whole system function properly.

The components of the SDI have been defined by Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC): Framework, Metadata, Standard, Partnership and Geo-data. People were added to SDI because of their importance as the decision makers, and they make final decisions together with the people defined in the partnership component. In this article, basic definitions were explored for different components in terms of rules, organizations and needs; which can be quite useful for countries that are still in the early stage of creating a National Spatial Infrastructure design. Key words: NSDI, Data, Metadata, Clearinghouse, Standard, Partnership,Geo-data Reference [1] Al Shamsi, S. A., Ahmad, A, and Desa, G. 2011.Development of critical successful factors model for spatial data infrastructure implementation.In Signal Processing and its Applications (CSPA), 2011 IEEE 7th International Colloquium on, pp. [2] Belussi, A., Negri, M, and Pelagatti, G.

An isotc 211 conformant approach to model spatial integrity constraints in the conceptual design of geographical databases. Advances in Conceptual Modeling-Theory and Practice, 100.109. [3] Boes, U., Lapaine, M, and Cetl, V. 2010.Learning from Others.Capacity Building for GIS and SDI in South East Europe.InProceedings of 3rd International Conference on Cartography and GIS, Nessebar, Bulgaria.

[4] Burrough, P. A., McDonnell, R, Burrough, P. A, and McDonnell, R.

Principles of geographical information systems (Vol. Oxford: Oxford university press. [5] Clinton, W. Coordinating geographic data acquisition and access: the National Spatial Data Infrastructure.Executive Order, 12906, 4. Mustafa Neamah Jebur, Zahra Ziaei, Mahyat Shafapour Tehrany, Abdul Rashid Mohamed Shariff 06-14 3.

Numerical and Experimental Investigations On Various Fin Configurations subjected to Isoflux Heating under the Influence of Convective Cooling Abstract: Present paper aims at numerical and experimental assessment of thermal performance of various fin arrays. The numerical results are obtained by FLUENT code which uses standard discretization practices of spatial, temporal and convective derivatives in mass, momentum and energy transport equations. Results are reported in terms of the variation of heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number with the respect to Reynolds number. Key words: Effectiveness, Fins, Nusselt number, Reynolds number, Reference [1] G.N. Ellison, Thermal Computations for Electronic Equipment, 2nd ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold Corporation, New York, 1989 [2] A.D. Bar-Cohen, Thermal Analysis and Control of Electronic Equipment, (Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, Washington, 1983). Bar-Cohen, Least-energy optimization of forced convection plate-fin heat sinks, IEEE Trans Components and Packaging Technologies 26 (2003) 62–70.

Lee, Optimum design of plate heat exchanger with staggered pin arrays, Numerical Heat Transfer. Part A, Applications 45 (2004) 347–361.

Keyes, 'Heat Transfer in Forced Convection Through Fins,' IEEE Transactions on Electronic Devices, Vol. ED-31, No, 9, pp. 1218-1221, 1984.

Dr.M.T Bhoite, Swapnil Gavhane, Mitali Gore, Sukanya Kanjvane 15-18 4. Role of P-E fit on Job Satisfaction of Medical Representatives Abstract: Job satisfaction always has been significant variable with the performance of the employee and his organizational commitment and turnover intentions. After globalization number of small and big firms have entered in the pharmaceutical drug manufacturing and marketing industry with identical drug contents increasing huge competition in the market and at the same time providing ample job opportunities and career growth for marketing personnel. This study focuses on the role of person-job fit and person-organization fit on the job satisfaction, organization commitment and turnover intentions of the Medical Representatives of pharmaceutical firms working in Pune district. Key words: Job satisfaction, organization commitment, turnover intentions Reference [1] Arnold, D.J., and Quelch, J.A. (1998), 'New strategies in emerging markets,' Sloan Management Review, 40 (1), 7-20.

[2] Arvey, R.D., Carter, G.W., & Buerkley, D.K. (1991), 'Job satisfaction: Dispositional and situational influences,' International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 6, 359-83. [3] Avinash G Mulky(2011), 'An exploration of salesperson job satisfaction in India using P-E fit constructs', Working paper No.343, Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore. [4] Brown SP, Peterson RA (1993), 'Antecedents and consequences of salesperson job satisfaction: meta-analysis and assessment of causal effects,' Journal of Marketing Research, 30(1), 63-77. [5] Kristof-Brown, A.L. Jansen(2002), 'A policy capturing study of the simultaneous effects of fit with jobs, groups, and organizations', Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), 985-93. Pawase, Dr.N.S.

Poonawala 19-22 5. The Wholesale Price Contract Under The Framework Of Fairness-Preferencing Nash-Bargain In A Two-Level Supply Chain Abstract: The paper establishes a fairness preference framework based on game theory of Nash bargaining, and builds a utility system about fairness preference. On the basis, we expeands the newboy model to behavior research. The analysis shows that because of the retailer and suppliers' fairness preference, their optimal order quantities tend to became conservative, and the result shows that the greater the retailer's fairness preference, the smaller the optimal order quantity of the retailer and the supply chain system, and the change tendency of the supply chan is more obvious than that of retailer.

The greater the supplier's fairness preference, the greater the optimal order quantity of the retailer and the supply chain system, and the change tendency of the supply chan is more obvious than that of retailer. Furthermore, we draw a conclusion that the wholesale price contract don't change the supply chain coordination. Finally, we make the sensitivity analysis of the wholesale price, the retail price, the manufacturing cost of supplier, the stortage cost of retailer and the stortage cost of supplier. Key words: Nash bargaining; newboy model; fairness preference; supply chain coordination; wholesale price contract Reference [1] J SPENGLER, Vertical integration and antitrust policy, Journal of Political Economy, 58(4),1950,347-352.

[2] W J HOPP, Fifty years of management science, Management Science, 50(1), 2004, 1-7. Luo, Both theory and engineering practice to cultivate creative talents. Experimental Technology and Management, vol.23, February, (2006). [3] K ELEMA, DIAN Yanwu. Contracting in suppy chains: alaboratory investigation, Management Science, 55(13), 2009, 1953-1968.

[4] V PADMANABHAN, I P L PNG, Manufacturer's returns policy and retailer competion, Marketing Science, 16(1), 1997, 81-93. [5] J H CAI, G G ZHOU, Influence of revenue sharing on the performance of a two-echelon supply chain, Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 14(8), 2008, 1637-1642 Yanhong Qin, Yanqin Li 23-31 6. A Novel Approach With Subjective Assessment For E-Examination Abstract: This research gives a brief idea about E-examination and related technology keeping in views the needs of the University.

The drawbacks in previous E-examinations are pointed out and have been taken into consideration to overcome it, an appropriate solution is proposed. Our system will allow E-examinations to be taken securely under the supervision of invigilators and with subjective assessment in it, with instantaneous availability of results. Key words: Distributed Database, FCK Editor, objective Assessment, Paint, Subjective Assessment Reference [1] S.

Krasuski & R. Stryjek, 'E-tutoring as part of the e-examination - the use of data warehousing and data mining to assist the learning and teaching process ', 3rd WIETE Annual Conference on Engineering and Technology Education 2012 WIETE, Pattaya, Thailand, 6-10 February 2012. [2] Naveed Azim, Imran Naqvi, & Kashif ur Rehman, ' Online Examination System and ssessment of Subjective Expression', ICETC, April 17-April 20, Singapore. [3] Olawale Adebayo & Shafi'i Muhammad Abdulhamid, 'E- Exams System for Nigerian Universities with Emphasis on Security and Result Integrity', [4] Ghanashyam Rout1 & Srikanta Patnaik, 'A Case Study on E-Examination in Universities of Odisha', IJIC,, Volume-1, Issue-2, 2011- 12, ISSN No: 2231 – 6965. [5] CTE Teaching Tips (case study).

Sumedha Chokhandre 32-36 7. Performance comparison of AOMDV and POR Routing Protocols in MANETS Abstract: Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) [1] is Mobile nodes that are communicated with each and every other hop using multi-hop wireless nodes. Each node acts as a router in network and no fixed infrastructure for mobile nodes and there is no base station of it, forwarding data packets for other nodes [2]. Without network infrastructure is known as ad hoc network is formed by mobile stations inside a restricted area which communicates without the need of access point [3]. An ad hoc network can be formed by mobile computers with wireless interfaces that are communicate among themselves without any help of infrastructure. In an ad hoc network the mobile nodes are access to serve both routers and hosts. Performance comparison of AOMDV and POR with ns-2 (version 2.34) simulations shows that throughput as POR packet delivery is better than that of AOMDV.

Key words: MANETS, AOMDV, POR, Data delivery, routing protocol. Reference [1] Vicomsoft, 'Knowledge share whitepapers wireless networking Q&A', Vicomsoft connect and protect, Jan 2003. [2] Charles E. Perkins, Elizabeth M. Royer, Samir R. Das and Mahesh K.

Marina: 'Performance Comparison of Two On-Demand Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks', IEEE Personal Communications, February 2001. [3] Darlan Vivian, Eduardo Adilio Pelinson Alchieri, Carlos Becker Westphall: 'Evaluation of QoS Metrics in Adhoc Networks with the use of Secure Routing Protocols', Network and Management Laboratory, Department of Computer Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina.

[4] Charles E.Perkins and Elizabeth M. Royer, 'Ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing (Internet-Draft)', Aug-1998. [5] Kevin Fall, K. Varadhan, 'The ns Manual', University of Southern California, Information Sciences Institute (ISI), M.Chandrika, N.Papanna 37-41 8. FFT PROCESSOR IMPLEMENTATION & THROUGHPUT OPTIMIZATION USING DMA & C2H COMPILER Abstract: Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is an important transform in signal analysis and process, but its time complexity can't be accepted under many situations. How to make DFT more fast and efficient has become an important theory. According to the algorithm characteristics of DFT, FFT was brought in and decreased the time complexity to a very large extent.

Key words: Butterfly, C2H Compiler, DFT, DMA, FFT Reference [1] Jayasumana, G. Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO Loeffler, C.,―Searching for the best Cooley-Tukey FFT algorithms‖ Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE International Conference on ICASSP '87, vol.12, pp. 2408- 2411,: Apr 1987 [2] Joshi, N.N. Y.C.C.E., Nagpur, India Dakhole, P.K.; Zode, P.P.,‖ Embedded Web Server on Nios II Embedded FPGA Platform‖,?‖ proc IEEE ICETET, vol.

372-377,DEC 2009 [3] Pong P. Chu Embedded SOPC Design with Nios II Processor and VHDL Examples Wiley Publisher, August 2011 [4] SDRAM Controller Subsystem [5] JTAG UART Core ftp://ftp.altera.com/up/pub/Altera_Material/11.1/Laboratory_Exercises/Computer_Organization/DE0/lab7.pdf Varsha Adhangale, Dr.R.D.Daruwala 42-50 9. Cfd Simulation Of Swirling Effect In S-Shaped Diffusing Duct By Swirl Angle 200 Abstract: The present study involves the CFD analysis for the prediction of swirl effect on the characteristics of a steady, incompressible flow through an S-shaped diffusing duct. The curved diffuser considered in the present case has S-shaped diffusing duct having an area ratio of 1.9, length of 300 mm and turning angle of 22.5°/22.5°. The static pressure, total pressure, velocity and turbulence intensity were accounted. The improvement is observed for both, clockwise and anti-clockwise swirl, the improvement being higher for clockwise swirl.

Flow uniformity at the exit is more uniform for clockwise swirl at the inlet. Key words: Curved diffusers, intake ducts, swirling flow, secondary flows, pressure recovery Reference 1] M.ROWE, ―Measurements and computations of flow in pipe bends‖, J. Fluid Mech., JFM (Printed in GReat Britain), vol. 43, part 4, pp. 771-783, 1970. 2] Bansod P, & Bradshaw P, Aeronautical Q, 23 (1972) 131-140.

3] R.Menzies, ―Computational investigations of flows in diffusing S-shaped intakes‖, Acta Polytechnica,Vol. 4–5/2001 4] Anand R B, Lajpat Rai, Singh S N & Sharma,‖ Effect of the turning angle on the flow and performance characteristics of long S-shaped circular diffusers‖, Journal of Aerospace Engineering, JAE (Professional Engineering Publishing Ltd), 53 (2001) 239-252. 5] Whitelaw J H & Yu S C M, Flow Meas Instrum, 4 (1993), 171-179. Ramazan 51-59 10. BREADFRUIT STEM ASH AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN SANCRETE BLOCK MAKING Abstract: Sandcrete blocks are the most widely used materials for walling units in Nigeria.

This study investigated the use of breadfruit stem ash (BFSA) as a partial replacement of cement in sandcrete block making. The breadfruit stem ash was burnt using a local burner and analysis was carried out on the chemical and physical properties of the ash. Four blocks each (150x150x150 mm) were cast at 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% and 50% replacement levels. The cubes were crushed at 7, 28, and 48 days of curing. The results show that the compressive strength varied from 1.5N/mm2 to 6.5N/mm2 for the replacement levels at 48 days of curing. The 50% to 20% replacement levels displayed very low compressive strengths which were between the ranges of 1.5N/mm2 and 2.1N/mm2.

Key words: pozzolans, breadfruit stem ash, compressive strength, curing, sandcrete, partial replacement. Reference [1] Al –Khalaf, M.N. And Yousif, H.A. Use of Rise Husk Ash in Concrete. The International Journal of Cement Composites and Light Weight Concrete 6(4), pp 241-248.

[2] Amadi, A. (2007) Unsafe Waste Disposal Practices in Nigeria Cities: Geoenvironmental Perspectives. NSE Technical Journal Transaction, Vol 42, No 1.

[3] American Standard for Testing Materials (1978). Specifications for Fly Ash and Raw or Calcium Natural Pozzolana for use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete, ASTM C618-78. [4] BS1377; Part 2 (1990) Methods for Test of Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes, British Standard Institution. [5] BS1881; Part 3 (1992) Method for Determination of Density of partially compacted Semi-dry fresh Concrete, British Standard Institution. H., Onodagu, P. And Nwakaire, Chidozie 60-65 11. Differential Evolution approach to Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch with Voltage Stability enhancement by Modal Analysis Abstract: This paper presents an evolutionary based algorithm for solving optimal reactive power dispatch problem in power system.

The problem was designed as a Multi-Objective case with loss minimization and voltage stability as objectives. Generator terminal voltages, tap setting of transformers and reactive power generation of capacitor banks were taken as optimization variables.

Modal analysis method is adopted to assess the voltage stability of system. The above presented problem was solved on basis of efficient and reliable technique among all evolutionary based algorithms, the Differential Evolution Technique. The proposed method has been tested on IEEE 30 bus system where the obtained results were found satisfactorily to a large extent that of reported earlier. Key words: Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch, Modal Analysis, Differential Evolution Reference [1] H.

Dommel and W. Tinny, 'Optimal power flow solutions,' IEEE trans.

On power app & systems, 87, 1968, pp 1866-1876. Ma, 'Power system optimal reactive power dispatch using evolutionary programming,' IEEE trans. On power systems, Vol. 3, August 1995, pp 1243-1248. Kessel and H. Glavitsch, 'Estimating the voltage stability of power systems,' IEEE Trans. On Power systems, Vol.

1, No.3, 1986, pp 346-354. Kannan and D. Devaraj, Application of Genetic Algorithm to Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch including Voltage Stability Constraint Journal of Energy & Environment 4 (2005) 63 – 73 [5] K. Ortiz, 'Optimal real and reactive power dispatch' Electric power system research, Vol. 7, 1984, pp 201-212. J.Jithendranath and K.Hemachandra Reddy 66-70 12. Comparative Analysis of Mpls and Non -Mpls Network Abstract: A new standard for a new world of networking, MPLS is a forwarding mechanism based on Tag Switching.

MPLS is an innovative approach in which forwarding decision is taken based on labels. Label is created for every route in routing table. Large operators have embraced multiprotocol label switching, deploying it in their backbone networks to enable a number of services and applications such as virtual private networks to just name one. This paper presents an overview of the MPLS technology and related IETF standards, and how it is faster and better than traditional IP routing. Key words: LDP, LSP, LSR, MPLS, QoS Reference [1] A.

'Traffic Engineering Standards in IP Networks Using MPLS' IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. Jamoussi et al, 'Constraint-Based LSP Setup using LDP' IETF RFC 3212, Jan.

Awduche et al, 'RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels' IETF RFC 3209, Dec. Viswanathan and R. Callon, 'Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture,' RFC 3031, Jan. [5] IEEE Communication magazine, September – 2006.

Madhulika Bhandure, Gaurang Deshmukh, Prof. Varshapriya J N 71-76 13. Control of Hybrid System Using Multi-Input Inverter and Maximum Power Point Tracking Abstract: The objective of this paper is to control the Wind/PV hybrid system using Multi-input inverter to get constant output power for different operating conditions. The MPPT also used in this system to get the maximum peak power to the load. The perturbation observation (P&O) method is used to accomplish the maximum power point tracking algorithm for input sources. The operating principle of the open loop and closed loop circuit of multi-input inverter is discussed. Key words: Inverter, photovoltaic (PV), MPPT,wind energy.

Reference [1] T.-F. Liu and T.-H. Yu, 'Single-Stage converters for photovoltaic powered lighting systems with MPPT and charging features,' in Proc. IEEE APEC, 1998, pp. Joshi, and D. Kothari, 'Performance analysis of a directly Coupled photovoltaic water-pumping system,' IEEE Trans.

Energy Conv., vol. 613–618, Sep. Drouilhet, and V.

Gevorgian, 'A peak power tracker for small wind turbines in battery charging applications,' IEEE Trans. Energy Conv., vol.

1630–1635, Dec. Crescimbini, O. Honorati, and F.

Mezzetti, Performance of a 10 kW power electronic interface for combined wind/PV isolated generating systems,' in Proc. IEEE PESC, 1996, pp.

Shinomiya, A. Ohhashi, and A. Ishii, 'Performance analysis of the PV/wind/wave hybrid power generation system,' in Proc.

IEEE World Conf. Energy Conv., 2003, pp. N.Sivakumar, Dr.A.Sumathi 77-81 14. Modelling and measurement of a wireless foot plantar pressure Abstract: Foot plantar pressure is the pressure fields that act between the foot skin and its supporting surface that humans experience during daily activities. Information derived from such pressure is important for diagnosing lower limb problems, footwear design, sport biomechanics performance and injury prevention. This paper presents the design and implementation of a wireless data acquisition (DAQ) for foot plantar pressure sensors. The system is intended for an in-shoe wireless pressure measurement system.

The objective of this DAQ is to be a system which can be integrated into a shoe with the ability of wireless transmission to an external on body receiver. Such device provides low power consumption, convenient and comfortable testing system simulating a range of normal daily life activities. Key words: Foot plantar pressure, pressure sensor, wireless system.

Reference [1] Y. Veljanovski, 'Design of MEMS biomedical pressure sensor for gait analysis,' in IEEE International Conference on emiconductor Electronics, 2008.ICSE, 2008, pp. Armstrong, and D. Lavery, 'Reducing plantar pressure in the neuropathic foot,' Diabetes care, vol. 1706-10, 1997.

[3] Mueller, 'Application of plantar pressure assessment in footwear and insert design,' The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, vol. Louwerens, 'The influence of shoe design on plantar pressures in neuropathic feet,' Diabetes care, vol. Wiegerinck, J. Yoder, and J.

Nunley, 'Effect of shoe type on plantar pressure: A gender comparison,' Gait& Posture, vol. Khwaja Ramizuddin, Prof. Washimkar 104-107 17. Performance analysis of semiconductor optical amplifier using four wave mixing based wavelength Converter for all Optical networks. Abstract: In this paper, investigations are made on performance analysis of the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) using four wave mixing (FWM) based wavelength converter. This analysis is done at 10Gb/s in terms of shifted wavelength conversion efficiency, quality factor (Q-parameter) and bit error rate (BER) for up and down conversions.

The investigations are carried out by varying the probe signal wavelength and bias current of SOA. From the numerical simulations it has been observed that down-conversion efficiency is more than Up-conversion efficiency and it starts decreases at larger wavelengths. It is found that maximum FWM conversion efficiency is around 27.3417 dB at current 160 mA and 28.5669 dB at current 160 mA for up and down conversion respectively for 10Gb/s. Key words: FWM, XGM, XPM, SOA, Wavelength conversion, Conversion efficiency. Reference [1]. Agarwal, 'Fiber Optic Communication Systems', John Wiley & sons, Inc. Publication, 2003.

[2] Farah Diana Mahad,Abu Sahmah M.Supa'at. 'Comparative performance testing of SOA wavelength conversion techniques for future all-optical systems,' International Journal for Light and Electron Optics (Optik), April 2012.

[3] Farah Diana Mahad,Abu Sahmah M. Supa'at, 'Analyses of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) four-wave mixing (FWM) for future all-optical wavelength conversion,' International Journal for Light and Electron Optics (Optik), vol. 1, February 2013,pp. Surinder Singh, ' Boost up of four wave mixing signal in semiconductor optical amplifier for 40 Gb/s optical frequency conversion,' International Journal for Light and Electron Optics (Optik), vol. 9,May 2008,pp. Ahmad and A.A.

Latif, 'Four-wave mixing in dual wavelength fiber laser utilizing SOA for wavelength conversion,' International Journal for Light and Electron Optics (Optik), vol.122, no. 22, November 2011,pp.

Anupjeet Kaur, Kulwinder Singh, Bhawna Utreja 108-113 18. Performance analysis of bi-directional broadband passive optical network using travelling wave semiconductor optical amplifier Abstract: In this paper performance analysis of a bi-directional broadband passive optical network (BPON) for both downstream and upstream traffic by using travelling wave semiconductor optical amplifier (TSOA) is carried out in terms of bit error rate (BER). The system has been analyzed on the basis of drive current of TSOA, data rate, fiber length, coding technique, number of users.

From the simulation it has been observed that as we increases the no. Of users, fiber length, data rate bit error rate is increasing due to optical pulse brodening and dispersion.

It is found that value of bit error rate 3.65089x10-035 is more acceptable for drive current 0.27A at 20 km. From the investigations it has been found that system performance is better for NRZ modulation format than RZ format because NRZ coding is more tolerable to optical dispersion than RZ coding. Key words: Passive optical network (PON), Broadband passive optical network (BPON), Bit error rate (BER), Travelling wave semiconductor optical amplifier (TSOA). Reference [1] Chang-Hee Lee, 'Passive Optical Networks for FTTx Applications', IEEE, vol.3, 2005. [2] Chang-Hee Lee, 'Fiber to the Home Using a PON Infrastructure', Journal of lightwave technology, vol.

[3] Aswir Premadi, Mohammad Syuhaimi Ab-Rahman, Ng Boon Chuan, 'Protection Scheme of Fiber to the Home Passive Optical Network using Access Control System', CITISIA 2009. [4] Theodoros Rokkas, Dimitris Katsianis, Thomas Kamalakis, 'Economics of Time and Wavelength Domain Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks', Journal of optical comm. Network /vol. 12/ December, 2010. Shaari and M.

Abdullah, 'A Novel Protection Scheme for Ethernet PON FTTH Access Network', IEEE, vol. Chinky rani, Kulwinder singh, Bhawna utreja 114-118 19.

Improving the implementation of new approach data privacy preserving in data mining using slicing Abstract: Several anonymization techniques, such as generalization and bucketization, have been designed for privacy preserving microdata publishing. Recent work has shown that generalization loses considerable amount of information, especially for high dimensional data. Bucketization, on the other hand, does not prevent membership disclosure and does not apply for data that do not have a clear separation between quasi-identifying attributes and sensitive attributes. In this paper, we present a novel technique called slicing, which partitions the data both horizontally and vertically. We show that slicing preserves better data utility than generalization and can be used for membership disclosure protection. Another important advantage of slicing is that it can handle high-dimensional data.

We show how slicing can be used for attribute disclosure protection and develop an efficient algorithm for computing the sliced data that obey the ℓ-diversity requirement. Our workload experiments confirm that slicing preserves better utility than generalization and is more effective than bucketization in workloads involving the sensitive attribute. Our experiments also demonstrate that slicing can be used to prevent membership disclosure. Key words: Privacy preservation, data anonymization, data publishing, data security.

Reference [1] C. Aggarwal, 'On k-Anonymity and the Curse of Dimensionality,' Proc. Very Large Data Bases (VLDB), pp. 901-909, 2005. McSherry, and K. Nissim, 'Practical Privacy: The SULQ Framework,' Proc. Principles of Database Systems (PODS), pp.

128-138, 2005. Brickell and V. Shmatikov, 'The Cost of Privacy: Destruction of Data-Mining Utility in Anonymized Data Publishing,' Proc. ACM SIGKDD Int‟l Conf. Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), pp. LeFevre, and R.

Ramakrishnan, 'Privacy Skyline: Privacy with Multidimensional Adversarial Knowledge,' Proc. Very Large Data Bases (VLDB), pp.

770-781, 2007. [5] Cramt‟er, Mathematical Methods of Statistics.

Princeton Univ. Nissim, 'Revealing Information while Preserving Privacy,' Proc. Principles of Database Systems (PODS), pp. 202-210, 2003.

Wanjari, Prof. Devi Kalpna 119-122 20. Implementation of Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Mitigation of Voltage Sag Abstract: Power quality is one of major concerns in the present. It has become important, especially with the introduction of sophisticated devices, whose performance is very sensitive to the quality of power supply. The dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is one of the modern devices used in distribution systems to improve the power quality. In this paper, emergency control in distribution systems is discussed by using the proposed multifunctional DVR control strategy.

Also, themultiloop controller using the Posicast and P+Resonant controllers is proposed in order to improve the transient response and eliminate the steady state error in DVR response,respectively Key words: Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), Power quality problems, posicast controller, P+resonant controller. Reference [1] J. Martinez and J. Martin-Arnedo, 'Voltage sag studies in distribution networks- part II: Voltage sag assessment,' IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol.

1679–1688, Jul. Martinez and J. Martin-Arnedo, 'Voltage sag studies in distribution networks- part I: Voltage sag assessment,' IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol.

1679–1688, Jul. Khronen, 'Voltage sag distribution caused by power system faults,' IEEE Trans.

Power Syst., vol. 1367–1373, Nov. Hung, 'Posicast Control Past and Present,' IEEE MULTIDISCIPLINARY ENGINEERING EDUCATION MAGAZINE., VOL.

1, MARCH 2007. [5] H.P.Tiwari, Sunil Kumar Gupta,'Dynamic Voltage Restorer Based onLoad Condition, 'International Journal of Innovation,Management and Technology.,vol.1,No.1,April 2010. [6] ShairulWizmarWahab and Alias MohdYusof, 'Voltage Sag and Mitigation Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) System,'ELECTRIKA.,vol.8,no.2,2. [7] KaithamalaiUdhayakumar, Ponnusamy Lakshmi, KandasamyBoobal,' Hybrid Posicast Controller for a DC-DC Buck Converter,' SERBIAN JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.,Vol. 1, May 2008, 121-138. M.Manohara, M.I.S.T.E, K.Vinod Kumar and Dr.T.Devaraju 123-128 21.

Non-Invasive Optical Blood Glucose Measurement Abstract: The method for noninvasively blood glucose monitoring system is discussed in this paper. Lot of research work has been done in developing the device which is completely noninvasive to avoid the pros & cons because of frequent pricking. In this paper we are trying to analyze the noninvasive blood glucose measurement study in the near infrared region which is the most suitable region for blood glucose measurement. For this purpose we use a technique which is similar to pulseoximetry based on near infrared spectrometry.An infrared light of particular wavelength is passed through fingertip containing an arterial pulse component are derived,thus minimizing influences of basal components such as resting blood volume,skin, muscle and bone. Key words: Glucose measurement, Non-invasive, Pulse-oximetry, photoplethysmography (PPG).

Reference [1] A. Heinemann, and Y. Feldman, 'Non-invasiveglucose monitoring in patients with diabetes: Anovel system based on impedance spectroscopy,' Biosens.Bioelectron., Mar.2006.

Schrepfer, and T. Forst, 'Impact of posture and fixation technique on impedance spectroscopy used for continuous and noninvasive glucose monitoring,' Diabetes Technol. 435-441, Aug.2004. Weder, M.Brandle, P. Friedrich, and A.Pfutzner, 'Impact of environmental temperature onskin thickness and microvascular blood flow insubjects with and without diabetes,' DiabetesTechnol.

94-101, Feb.2006. [4] Heise, H.M.

Medical applications of infrared spectroscopy. Mikrochim.Acta, in press, 1996.Wilson, B.C. And Jacques, S.L. 0ptii:al reflectance and transmittance of tissue: principles and applications. IEEE [5] Valery V. Tuchin (Ed.), Handbook of Optical Sensing of Glucose in Biological Fluids and Tissues (CRC Press 2009 Taylor & Francis Group) 100-103.

Megha C.Pande, Prof.A. Joshi 129-131 22. Design and Synthesis of Fault Tolerant Full Adder/Subtractor Using Reversible Logic Gates Abstract: Reversible logic is most popular concept in energy efficient computations and this will be demand for upcoming future computing technologies. Reversible logic is emerging as an important research area and it will be having wide applications in many fields such as optical information processing, quantum computing and Low power CMOS design.

Under ideal conditions, the reversible logic gates will produce zero power dissipation. So this concept will helpful for Low power VLSI design. This paper will proposes the design of Full adder/subtractor circuit using fault tolerant reversible gates. The design can work singly as an adder/subtractor.

The proposed design offers less hardware complexity and is efficient in terms of gate count, delay, constant inputs and garbage outputs compared to previous Fault tolerant Full Adder/Subtractor design. A parallel adder/subtractor design using fault tolerant reversible gates also proposed in this paper. The proposed circuits will be simulated using ModelSim simulator and implemented in Xilinx FPGA platform. Key words: Adder/Subtractor, Parity preserving reversible gates, Parallel Adder/Subtractor, Reversible logic gates. Reference [1] R. Landauer, 'Irreversibility and Heat Generation in the Computational Process', IBM Journal of Research and Development, 5, pp. 183-191, 1961.

Bennett, 'Logical Reversibility of Computation', IBM J. Research and Development, pp. 525-532, November 1973. [3] Hafiz Md.

Hasan babu, Md. Rafiqu Islam, Ahsan Raja Chowdhary and Syed Mostahead Ali chowdhary ' Reversible logic synthesis for minimization of full adder ckt', IEEE conference on Digital system design 2003,Enro-micro‟03,Belek,Antalya,Tarkey, 2003,PP 50-54 [4] Hafiz Md. Hasan babu, Md.

Rafiqu Islam, Ahsan Raja Chowdhary and Syed Mostahead Ali chowdhary 'Synthesis of full adder ckt using Reversible logic'.17th international conference on VLSI Design 2004, Mumbai, India 2004, PP 757-760. [5] Feynman R., 1985. Quantum mechanical computers, Optics News, 11: 11-20.

Prashanth.N.G, Savitha.A.P, M.B.Anadaraju, Nuthan.A.C 137-142 24. Design and Synthesis of Bus Invert Encoding and Decoding Technique Using Reversible Logic Abstract: Reversible logic has received great attention in the recent years due to its ability to reduce the power dissipation which is the main requirement in low power digital design. It has wide applications in advanced computing, low power CMOS design, Optical information processing, DNA computing, bio information, quantum computation and nanotechnology. This paper presents a bus invert coding on reversible logic using Feynman, Feynman double gate, BJN, Sayem and SCG gates.

The proposed Bus-Invert method of coding the I/O which lowers the bus activity and thus decreases the I/O peak power dissipation by 50% and the I/O average power dissipation by up to 25%. Proposed circuits have been simulated using Xilinx Isim simulator and implemented using Xilinx Spartan3 FPGA platform.

Key words: Reversible Logic, Circuit Design using Reversible Gates, Reversible Logic Gates, Bus invert coding. Reference [1] R.

Landauer, 'Irreversibility and Heat Generation in the Computational Process', IBM Journal of Research and Development, pp. 183-191, 1961. Bennett, 'Logical Reversibility of Computation', IBM J. Research and Development, pp. 525-532, November 1973.

[3] Peres, A., 'Reversible logic and quantum computers', Physical Review: A, vol. 3266-3276, 1985.

[4] H Thapliyal and M. Srinivas, 'Novel reversible TSG gate and its application for designing carry look ahead adder and other adder architectures', Proceedings of the 10th Asia-Pacific Computer Systems Architecture Conference (ACSAC 05), 2005, pp 775-786. [5] Saiful Islam M. Rafiqul Islam, 'Minimization of reversible adder circuits'. 1146-1151, 2005. Naveena Pai G, M.B.Anandaraju, Naveen.K.B 143-146 25.

HDL Based Illumination Invariant highPerformance Face Detection SystemforMobile applications Abstract: Illumination variation is a big problem in face detection which usually requires a costly compensation prior to classification. To avoid this problem we are proposing a method for face detection irrespective of illumination variations. In this context the contribution of the work is twofold. First we introduce illumination invariant Local Structure Features for face detection. For an efficient computation we propose a Modified Census Transform which enhances the original work of Zabih and Wood [11]. Secondly we introduceanefficient face detection classifier for rapid detection to render high performance face detection rate.The Classifier structure is much simpler because we use only single stage classifier than multi-stage approaches, while having similar capabilities. Key words: FPGA, MCT (modified census transform), Adaboost algorithm, Bio id test, Yale test Reference [1] Dongil Han, Member, IEEE, Jongho Choi, Jae-Il Cho, and Dongsu Kwak 'Design and VLSI Implementation of High-Performance Face-Detection Engine for Mobile Applications',2011 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE) [2] Paul Viola and Michael J.

Jones, 'Robust real-time face detection' In International Journal of Computer Vision, pp. 137-154, 2004. [3] Yoav Freund and Robert E. 'A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting' in Journal of Computer and System Sciences, pp. 119-139, 1997. [4] Bernhard Froba and Andreas Ernst, 'Face detection with the Modified Census Transform', IEEE International Conference. On Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp.

91-96, Seoul, Korea, May. [5] Georghiades, A.: Yale Face Database, Center for computational Vision and Control at Yale University, http: //cvc.yale.edu /projects /yalefaces /yalefa T. Mahesh 147-151 26. Early Detection of Forest Fire Using Wireless Sensor Network Abstract: Wireless sensor network have a broad range of applications in the category of environmental monitoring.

In this paper, the problem of forest fire is considered and a comprehensive framework is proposed for the use of wireless sensor networks for real-time forest fire detection and monitoring. The wireless sensor network unlike that of traditional approaches, can easily forecast forest fires before the fire is spread uncontrollable. This framework includes proposal for designing of sensor node and data transmission process.

Thus multiple environmental parameters like temperature, humidity and presence of flammable gas are measured & monitored here for the efficient prediction of forest fire. Key words: wireless sensor network, BTBee module Reference [1] Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, General Directorate of Forestry, Last accessed August 2010.

[2] Majid Bahrepour, Nirvana Meratnia, Paul Havinga 'Automatic fire detection: A survey of wireless sensor network-perspective'; UT Publication, a survey report,2008. [3] The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Web Page avhrr.html/, Last accessed August 2010. [4] Online/ 2013 [5] Online/http:/www.elecfreaks.com/wiki/ indexphp?title2_ channelRelay_Shield_For_Arduino(With_XBee/BTBee_interface.)/February 2013 [6] I.F.

Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirc, 'Wireless sensor network: a survey' Computer Networks vol. 393-422, March, 2002 Anamika Chauhan, Rahul Chauhan, Sunil Semwal 163-168 28.

Placement of FACTS Devices in a Series Compensated Long Transmission Line Abstract: Static VAR Compensator (SVC)and Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) are important devices in FACTS family, and is widely recognized as an effective and economical means to solve the power system stability problem. SVC and STATCOM are used as shunt in transmission system. In the present work a series compensated Distributed transmission line (345KV, 450km, 50Hz) with a shunt FACTS devices SVC and STATCOM is considered to the optimal location of the shunt FACTS devices to get the highest possible benefits of maximum power transfer and system stability.

Effect of change in degree of series compensation on the optimal location of the shunt FACTS device to get the highest possible benefit is studied. It is found that the optimal location of the shunt FACTS device varies with the change in the level of series compensation to get the maximum benefit in terms of power transfer capability and stability of the system. All the simulations for the above work have been carried out using MATLAB /SIMULINK software.

Key words: optimal placement, SVC, STATCOM,, degree of series compensation, long transmission line etc. Reference [1] Nemat-Talebietal, SoutheastCon, 2004.Proceedings.

IEEE 'An efficient Power injection modeling and sequential power flow Algorithm for FACTS Devices' page(s): 97-104. [DOI 10.1109/SECON.20] [2] Gyugyi, L. 1995, 'Unified power flow controller concept for flexible AC Transmission system', IEEE Proceedings-Volume 10, Issue 2, Apr 1995 Page(s):1085-1097. [DOI 10.1178] [3] Haque, 2000, 'Optimal location of shunt FACTS devices in long transmission line', IEE Proceedings on Generation Transmission &Distribution.Vol. 218-22, 2000. [DOI 10.1049/ip-gtd: 20000412 [4] Narain G. Hingorani, Laszlo Gyugyi, 1999, Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of FlexibleTransmission Systems, Wiley-IEEE Press, December 1999.

ISBN 978-0-7803-3455-7 [5] N.G. Hingorani, L.

Gyugyi, Understanding FACTS, Concept and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, New York, Wiley, 2000. T.Hemanth kumar and Dr.T.Devaraju 169-175 29. Neighbor Node Discovery in Asynchronous Sensor Networks Abstract: A sensor network may contain a huge number of simple sensor nodes that are deployed at some inspected site. In large areas, such a network usually has a mesh structure.In most sensor networks the nodes are static.Nevertheless,node connectivity is subject to changes because of disruptions in wireless communication, transmission power changes, or loss of synchronization between neighbouring nodes. Hence, even after a sensor is aware of its immediate neighbours, it must continuously maintain its view, a process we call continuous neighbour discovery.

In this work we distinguish between neighbour Discovery during sensor network initialization and continuous neighbour discovery. We focus on the latter and view it as a joint task of all the nodes in every connected segment.

Each sensor employs a simple protocol in a coordinate effort to reduce power consumption without increasing the time required to detect hidden sensors. Reference [1] S. Vasudevan, J.

Kurose, and D. Towsley,.On neighbor discovery in wireless networks with directional antennas. In INFOCOM, vol.4,2005. Lall,.An energy-optimal algorithm for neighbour discovery in wireless sensor networks. 317.326, 2006.

McGlynn and S. Borbash,.Birthday protocols for low energy deployment and _exible neighbor discovery in ad hoc wireless networks.

In MobiHoc: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing. New York,NY, USA: ACM Press, 2001, pp. Ephremides,.The architectural organization of a mobile radio network via a distributed algorithm. In IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.

Keshavarzian and E. Uysal-Biyikoglu,.Energy-ef_cient link assessment in wireless sensor networks. In INFOCOM, 2004. Chelius, and E. Fleury, Revisiting neighbor discoverywith interferences consideration.

In PE-WASUN, 2006, pp. Sri Chandhana Pothula, R.Suguna, A.Chrispin Jiji 186-189 31. Performance Of Self Compacting Concrete By Using Alccofine Abstract: In Japan, in early eighties, premature deterioration of concrete structures were detected almost everywhere in the country. The main cause of the deterioration was recognized as inadequate compaction.

In addition, the gradual reduction in the number of skilled workers in Japan`s construction industry led to a reduction in the quality of construction work. As a solution for these social and technical requirements, the concrete of SCC was proposed by Prof.

Okamura at Tokyo University in 1988. Key words: Self Compacting Concrete, Alccofine, Compatibility, Strength Reference [1] Hardik Upadhyay, Pankaj Shah, Elizabeth George, Testing and Mix Design Method of Self –Compacting Concrete,National Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology, May 2011 p [2] Iliana Rodriguez Viacava, Antonio Aguado dea Cea, Gemma Rodriguez de Sensale, 'Self Compacting Concrete of medium concrete characteristics Strength.' Construction and Building Materials 30(2012) p.p. [3] Nan, Su; Kung –Chung, H; His – Wen, C; 'A simple mix design method for self compacting concrete.'

Cement and Concrete Research 31(2001)p.p. 1799-1807 [4] Sahmaran, M; Yaman, O.I.; Tokyoy, M. (2009), ' Transport and Mechanical Properties of self consolidating concrete with high volume of fly ash', Cement and Concrete Composites Vol: 31, pp – 99- 106.

[5] Siddique R, 'Properties of Self compacting concrete containing fly ash and silica fume.' Thesis, Thapar University, Patiala.. Saoji 190-192 32.

Implementation Of Low Power SRAM By Using 8T Decoupled Logic Abstract: We present a novel half-select disturb free transistor SRAM cell. The cell is 6T based and utilizes decoupling logic.

It employs gated inverter SRAM cells to decouple the column select read disturb scenario in half-selected columns which is one of the impediments to lowering cell voltage. Furthermore, 'false read' before write operation, common to conventional 6T designs due to bit-select and word line timing mismatch, is eliminated using this design. Two design styles are studied to account for the emerging needs of technology scaling as designs migrate from 90 to 65 nm PD/SOI technology nodes. Namely we focus on a 90 nm PD/SOI sense Amp based and 65 nm PD/SOI domino read based designs.

For the sense Amp based design, read disturbs to the fully-selected cell can be further minimized by relying on a read-assist array architecture which enables discharging the bit-line (BL) capacitance to GND during a read operation. This together with the elimination of half-select disturbs enhance the overall array low voltage operability and hence reduce power consumption by 20%–30%. Key words: Column-decoupled, differential/domino read, half-select, low power 8T, SRAM, stability.

Reference [1] R. Mukhopadhyay, D. Devgan, 'Variability analysis for sub-100 nm PD/SOI CMOS SRAM cell,' in Proc. Solid-State Circuits Conf., Sep. Osada, and T.

Kawahara, 'Reviews and future prospects of low voltage embedded RAMs,' in Proc. IEEE Custom Integr. Circuits Conf., 2004, pp.

Bhattacharya, Z. Hamzaoglu, D.

Vallepalli, Y. Zheng, and M.

Bohr, '3-GHz 70 MB SRAM in 65 nm CMOS technology with integrated column-based dynamic power supply,' in ISSCC Dig. Somasekhar, G. De, 'Wordline & bitline pulsing schemes for improving SRAM cell stability in low-Vcc 65 nm CMOS designs,' in Proc. VLSI Circuits Symp., 2006, pp. Ramadurai, R. Joshi, and R. Kanj, 'A disturb decoupled column select 8T SRAM cell,' in Proc.

CICC, 2007, pp. K.R.Surendra, K.Venkatramana Reddy 193-199 33. Providing Fair Transmission Opportunity By Detecting And Penalizing Malicious Stations In IEEEE 802.11e EDCA WLAN And Analyzing The Performance Of IEEE 802.11e Abstract: IEEE 802.11e Medium Access Control (MAC) is an enhancement to the Wireless Local Area (WLAN) IEEE 802.11 standard to support QOS.IEEE 802.11e is used which enables QOS to various delay sensitive applications such as voice, video over WLAN and Streaming multimedia. In this paper we proposed a Malicious Behavior Detection Algorithm that allows identification of misbehaving wireless stations and give out punishment by not sending an Acknowledgment (ACK) packet by the malicious stations and analyze the performance of IEEE 802.11e. This algorithm is designed for an IEEE 802.11e network and is based on detecting a QOS change where a station is moved to a level which is not justified based on the parameters such as TXOPLimit, AIFS and Backoff time. Our strategy is to provide fair resource sharing between the stations which are operating from the same access point and to provide QOS by provisioning the priority to different classes of traffic and make sure that always higher prioritized traffic gets preferential access to channel than lower prioritized traffic.

Key words: IEEE802.11, IEEE802.11e, QOS, Malicious Station, Transmission Opportunity, EDCA, MAC, WLAN Reference [1] Prof. Rathnakar Acharya, Dr. Vityanathan, and Dr. Pethur Raj Chellaih 'WLAN QoS Issues and IEEE 802.11e QoS Enhancement' International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, Vol. 1 February, 2010 1793-8201. [2] Jose Villalon, Pedro Cuenca and Luis Orozco-Barbosa 'Limitations and Capabilities of QoS Support in IEEE 802.11 WLANS'- by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Spain under project PBC-03-001. [3] 'IEEE Std 802.11™-2007' Sponsored by the LAN/MAN Standards Committee, IEEE Computer Society-2007 [4] M.

Hubaux, and I. Aad, 'Domino: A system to detect greedy behavior in IEEE 802.11 hotspots,' in Proc. ACM MobiSys, Jun. Kim and B.-H. Roh, 'Fast detection of distributed global scale net-work attack symptoms and patterns in high-speed backbone networks,' KSII Trans.

Internet Inform. 135–149, Jun. Jagadevikoodi, Kalaiselvi And Rakeshmarturkar 200-206 34.

RF Filter Design Using Insertion Loss Method And Genetic Optimization Algorithm Abstract: A filter design using insertion loss method (ILM) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) is presented in this paper. Many techniques have been proposed for the design and analysis of filter circuit, but the insertion loss method is generally preferred for the flexibility and accuracy that it provides. The ILM is based on network synthesis techniques and can be used to design filter having a specific type of frequency response. However, this procedure is not practical for a large number of elements. GA algorithm can be a useful procedure for calculating values in filters with a large number of elements. This paper presents the procedure which takes an advantage of ILM for filter design and GA for determination of an unknown value in filters with large number of elements.

This is suitable approach for filter design with an arbitrary shape of cutoff frequency and pass band. Key words: Genetic Algorithm, insertion loss method, RF filters Reference [1] Juraj Palecek, Martin Vestenicky, Peter Vestenicky, Dasa Ticha, 'Optimization of RF Band Pass Filter by Genetic Algorithm', 978-1- 4673-1179-3/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE, pp. [2] Ivan Vilovi_, Ante Konjuh, Nikša Burum, 'Filter Design Using Insertion Loss Method and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm', 51st International Symposium ELMAR-2009, 28-30 September 2009, Zadar, Croatia, pp. [3] Amit Pal,Rajesh kumar,Vishal Mohan, A.K.Tiwary, 'Design of Chebyshev Band pass filter', 2009 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electronic and Photonic Devices & systems (ELECTRO-2009), pp.

[4] R.Ludwig, Pavel Bretchko, 'RF Circuit Design: Theory and Applications', Perason Education. Pozar, 'Microwave and RF Design of Wireless System', John Wiley & Sons, INC, New York, 2001 Aparna Thube, Prof. Manisha Chattopadhyay 207-211 35. Reduction Of Common Mode Voltage In Ac Drives Using Multilevel Inverter Abstract: In this paper, an approach to reduce common-mode voltage (CMV) at the output of multilevel inverters using a phase opposition disposed (POD) sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique is proposed. The SPWM technique does not require computations therefore, this technique is easy to implement online in digital controllers.

A good tradeoff between the quality of the output voltage and the magnitude of the CMV is achieved in this paper. This paper realizes the implementation of a PODSPWM technique to reduce CMV using a fivelevel diode clamped inverter for a three phase induction motor. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique. Reference [1] Yoshihiro Murai, Takehiko Kubota, and Yoshiriro Kawase, 'Leakage current reduction for a high-frequency carrier inverter feeding an induction motor,' IEEE Trans. 858-863, Jul./Aug. Busse, Jay M. Erdman, Russel J.

Kerkman, David W. Schlegel, and Gray L. Skibinski, 'Bearing current and their relationship to PWM drives,' IEEE Trans.

Electron., Vol. 243-252, Mar. [3] Hirofumi Akagi, and Shunsuke Tamura, 'A Passive EMI filter for eliminating both bearing current and ground leakage current from an inverter-driven motor,' IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 982-989, Sep. [4] Chenggang Mei, Juan Carlos Balda, and William P.

Waite, 'Cancellation of commonmode voltages for induction motor drives using active method,' IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, Vol. 380-386, Jun. [5] Haoran Zhang, Annette Von Jouanne, and Shaoan Dai, 'A reducedswitched dual bridge inverter topology for the mitigation of bearing current, EMI, and dc voltage variation', IEEE Trans. 5, pp 1365-1372, Sep./Oct.

Parkhi, R.K.Dhatrak 212-218 36. Design and Power Transmission of Advanced Light Helicopter Abstract: Helicopters are the light and fast moving flying transporters. The situations like less number of passengers, flood relief; supply of food & water to the soldiers working in hilly regions in the border, war time attacking rescuing people from fire in multi stored Building etc gave importance to the use of helicopters.

Helicopters are more useful to the defense services of every country. It is very useful in limitations that are not conducive to the aero planes which are relative large when compared to helicopters. Advance light helicopter( ALH) is one such indigenous helicopter developed in India by HAL. Reference [1] Leila.nacib, Komi Midzodzi, 'Detecting Shaft Misallignment in Gearbox of Helicopter Using Average Synchronous Analysis',International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS Vol:12 No:06. Surana and D.

Deka,' Numerical analysis of helicopter rotor at 400 rpm', International Journal of Soft Computing and [3] Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-2, Issue-1, March 2012. [4] Pieter Abbeel, Adam Coates and Andrew Y, 'Autonomous Helicopter Aerobatics through Apprenticeship Learning' The International Journal of Robotics Research OnlineFirst, published on June 23, 2010 as doi:10.11910371999. [5] Rakesh Kumar Kumawat, 'Analysis for an Efficient Wireless Power Transmission' international journal of scientific & engineering research, volume 3, issue 9, september-2012 1 issn 2229-5518. Hegne 219-223 37. Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Column Under Lateral Load Abstract: To serve its purpose a structure must be safe against collapse and serviceable in use. Serviceability requires that deflections be adequately small to keep the cracks within tolerable limits. Although the widely followed ACI Code suggests a detailed method of deflection calculation, it often cannot exactly perceive the actual behavior of a structure.

For this purpose, finite element analysis, using ANSYS, was performed. The research aimed of developing a program for the analysis of a column fixed at base and observes lateral deflection. Concept of key point, nodes, meshing and separate elements was used to model the concrete and the reinforcement. The scope of the study is limited to lateral load only applied at the midpoint at the top height in X direction. The same operation can also be performed in Y direction. The current application facilitates using random size of column with random height.

But to serve the purpose of a single story, the work was done considering only one story height. Key words: finite element, key point, lateral load, mesh, nodes Reference [1] Pfrang, E.O.

And Siess,C.P. Behavior of Reinforced concrete columns.

Fracture Mechanics of Concrete. John Wiley & Sons: New York. [3] Ahmed, F.S. (2007) Finite Element Analysis of RCC Column Under Lateral Load. [4] Bresler, B. (1960) Design Criteria for Reinforced Concrete Columns under Axial load and Bi-axial Bending, ACI, Proc. [5] Siao, W.B.

(1994) Punching Shear Resistance for Flat Slabs, ACI, 91, 3, 406-414. [6] Timoshenko,S. And Krieger, S.W. (1959) Theory of Plates and Shells, Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, NY. [7] Salim, W. And Sebstian, W. (2003) Punching Shear Failure in Reinforced Concrete Slabs with Compressive Membrane Action, ACI, 100, 4, 471-479.

[8] Hanson, N.U and Reiffentuhl, H. (1960) Concrete Beams and Columns with Bundle Reinforcements, ASCE, 125, 889 [9] Broms, B. And Viest (1960) Long Reinforced Concrete Column- A Symposium, ASCE, 126-11, 309 Ahmed, F.S., Khan, M.A 228-231 39. A Comparative Analysis of Firing Angle Based Speed Control Scheme of DC Motor Abstract: This paper describes the speed control scheme of DC motor and provides a comparative analysis of firing angle based speed control technique. The best control characteristics of DC motor have used in industries for different rang of loading condition. A dual converter comprised of two single phase AC-DC thyristor converter is proposed.

Speed of DC machine is control the armature voltage. Armature voltage is controlled using AC-DC converter. This paper also describe the circulating operation of dual converter, in which rectifier 1 will be rectifying (0‹ αA‹900) and rectifier 2 will be inverting (900‹αB‹1800). The linear & non-linear regions are clearly visible in control characteristics. Firing control scheme improve armature voltage & also reduce ripple content & possibility of discontinuous conduction in circuit. The controlled performance exhibited is superior & also firing angle smoothly controlled with fast response. The dual converter simulation is done in MATLAB.

Key words: AC-DC converter, DC motor, speed control. Reference [1] B.H. Doradla, and G.K. Dubey'A new simultaneous gating GTO dual converter-fed DC motor drive without circulating current' IEEE Transactions on Education 88CH2565-0/88/0000-0520ᵴIEEE PP520-526 1988. [2] FERAGA CHANS – EDDINE BOULDJEDRI ABDA LLAH & YOUSFI ALI, ' Uniform pulse width modulation three phase four quadrant AC – DC converter fed DC motor drive'.

Asian journal of information technology pp 761 – 766. AYASUN, ' Effect of PWM chopper drive on torque speed characteristics of DC motor ' 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2008 [4] Mohammed H. Khudair, Ali Majeed Mohammed, Hesham Adnan Abdulameer Design and Implementation of Firing Control Circuit for a Three-Phase Fully Controlled thyristor Bridge Dual-Converter Journal of Engineering and Development, Vol. 4, Des (2009) ISSN 1813-7822. [5] P.Pavana Kumar, R.Parimalalagan & B. Ramesmari, 'A Microprocessor based DC drive control scheme using predictive synchronization'.IEEE transaction on industrial electronics, vol.

40, no.4, pp 452, August 1998. Sarita Shastri, Pawan Pandey 232-235 40. Reduces The Harmonics And Losses By Using Control Technique Of VSI Based STATCOM Abstract: The Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is increasingly popular in power quality application. The Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) based STATCOM is used for eliminating current harmonics and compensating reactive power. This VSI draw or supply a compensating current from the utility such that it cancels current harmonics on the AC side.

STATCOM generates a current wave such that it compensate by cancelling out the non-linear current waveform generateted by load. In this paper hysteresis controller based STATCOM is proposed. The STATCOM modeled using Simulink of MATLAB. Simula-tion result of 6 pulse VSI based STATCOM validate current control strategy to prevent harmonics current and compensate reactive power. Key words: Power Quality, Harmonics, Voltage Source Inverter.

Reference [1] RakeshKantaria and S.K.Joshi 'A review on power quailty problemsand solutions' Power electronics National Conference November2008. [2] Bhim Singh, Ambrish Chandra and Kamal Al-Haddad 'A Review ofActive Filters for Power Quality Improvement' IEEE Trans. Ind.Electronics, VOL.

5, pp 960-971 OCTOBER 1999. [3] Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible ACTransmission Systems. Hingorani, Laszlo Gyugyi.

WileyIEEE press. [4] Amit Jain, Ned Mohan, Karan Joshi and AmanBehal 'voltage Regulation with STATCOMS:Modeling,Control and Results.' IEEETransactions on Power Delivery, Vol 21, NO. 2, April 2006 PP 726-734. [5] Yaden Li and Bin Wu 'A Novel DC Voltage Detection Technique inthe CHB Inverter based STATCOM' IEEE Transactions on PowerDelivery, Vol. 4, July 2008 PP 1613-1619 [6] Yashomani Y.

Kolhatkar, and Shyama P. Das,; 'Experimental Investigation of a Single-Phase UPQC With Minimum VA Loading' IEEETransactions on Power Delivery, Vol.

1, January 2007 PP373-380. K.Sudharshan, M.Sudheerbabu 236-241 41.

For those who don’t share my fascination with diving, a saturation dive is conducted at deep depths for extended periods of time at depths of hundreds of feet. I have read with bemusement the various “deep dives” that have been conducted by various publications into the workings of modern automatic transmissions.

These deep dives tend to be more akin to splashing about in the shallow end of a pool. The name Saturation Dive is an engineer’s attempt at humor, namely to convey that this series of articles is much deeper than the stereotypical deep dives.

This time around, we will be taking a detailed look at the ZF 8 speed RWD transmissions. The ZF 8 speed transmission family has been around for a while, so a lot more information tends to be available for it than for the 9 speed.

First, a quick rehash of the basics of gears that were discussed in the last saturation dive, for details please refer to the article on the ZF 9 speed. The simplest gear set consists of 2 parallel gears mounted on 2 parallel shafts. Shown in Fig.

Is a gear set with a 20 tooth drive gear on the right and a 30 tooth driven gear on the left. For this gear set the speed of the driven gear is 1.5 times lower than the drive gear, and assuming no frictional losses anywhere, the torque on the driven gear is 1.5 times higher. This gear set has a ratio of 1.5:1. This type of a gear set is usually not favorable for packaging since it requires 2 parallel shafts, and there are large separating forces that push the 2 gears apart which means that the bearings supporting the shafts have significant radial loads on them, in addition to an axial load if the gears are helical. A simple planetary arrangement is shown in Fig.. A simple planetary gear set has 3 members mounted on concentric shafts, the innermost gear is called a sun gear, the outermost gear is called the ring gear, and there are evenly spaced planetary pinions that mesh with both the sun gear and the ring gear.

These pinions are free to spin around their own axes, and ride on the planetary carrier, which is the third concentric member. The radial forces in a planetary gear arrangement cancel out due to symmetry, and therefore the bearings supporting these shafts do not see much, if any radial loads. Since the 3 shafts are concentric, there are significant packaging advantages as well. The planetary gear set can also be scaled up to take higher loads by increasing the number of planetary pinions, packaging permitting. In engineering literature, a “stick diagram” is often used as short-hand to describe planetary gear sets, for the planetary shown in Fig.

The stick diagram is shown in Fig.. So with that out of the way, let us take a look at the ZF 8hp.

There are various CAD renders available from the ZF website, one of them is shown in Fig.. There are 4 simple planetary gear sets, and since package space is not at a premium, the gear sets are not nested like they are for the 9 speed. There are 5 shift elements, all of them conventional friction type – no dog clutches required because once again, there is space. 3 of the 5 shift elements are clutches, i.e. They couple rotating shafts together, and 2 are brakes, i.e. They lock the rotating shaft to ground.

First gear To achieved first gear, both brakes A and B are locked, and the input shaft is connected to the sun gear of gear set 4 by applying clutch C. Since brake B is connected to the ring gear of gear set 1 and brake A is connected to the sun gear of gear set 1, both of these members are connected to ground. This means that the planetary carrier for gear set 1 is stationary as well, and since this carrier is rigidly connected to the ring gear of gear set 4, the ring gear of gear set 4 is therefore grounded. The sun gear of gear set 4 is connected to the input, therefore the gear ratio of first gear is 1 st = S4+ R4 S4 = 108 23 = 4.696 (1) This ratio is almost identical to the first gear ratio of the 9 speed transmission, but these ratios are achieved through completely different means. Second gear The transmission upshifts to second gear by opening clutch C and applying clutch E.

The ring gear of gear set 4 continues to be fixed, but the sun gear of gear set 4 is now overdriven with respect to the input shaft because gear set 2 acts as an overdrive (sun grounded, carrier input, ring gear output), while gear set 1 continues to act as an underdrive. The ratio is therefore 2 nd = ⎛ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ R2 S2+ R2 ⎞ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎛ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ S4+ R4 S4 ⎞ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ = ⎛ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ 96 144 ⎞ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎛ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ 108 23 ⎞ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ = 3.130 (2) Third gear To achieve third gear brake A is released and clutch C is applied, while brake B and clutch E remain closed. By applying both clutches C and E at the same time, the ring gear and planetary carrier of gear set 2 are spinning at the same speed, which means that the sun gear of gear set 2 also spins at the same speed as the input. Since brake B is grounded and the sun gears for gear set 1 and 2 are rigidly linked together, the carrier of gear set 1 is now underdriven. Since the planetary carrier of gear set 1 is rigidly linked to the ring gear of gear set 4, the kinematic state of gear set 4 is as follows • The sun gear is rotating at input speed • The ring gear is underdriven with respect to the input speed • Therefore gear set 4 acts as a mixer module After some tedious algebra, the ratio is 3 rd = ( S1+ R1)( S4+ R4) S4 R1+ S1( S4+ R4) = 144×108 7392 = 2.104 (3) Fourth gear Upshift to fourth gear is accomplished by released clutch C and applying clutch D. Since clutch D ties the planetary carriers of gear sets 3 and 4 together, the planetary carrier of gear set 3 is now in effect the output. By closing clutches D and E, all 3 elements of gear sets 3 and 4 now spin as a unit at the speed of the output shaft, which means that the ring gear of gear set 2 and the planetary carrier for gear set 1 also spin at the same speed as the output.

The input is the planetary carrier of gear set 2, while the ground is the ring gear of gear set 1. If I have lost the B&B while explaining the operation of fourth gear, all I can say for reassurance is that even if I were explaining this at a transmission conference I would have lost a vast majority of my audience. The ratio is 4 th = 1 + S2 R1 ( R2+ S2) S1 = 1+ 96 144 = 1.667 (4) Fifth gear If fourth gear calculations were complicated, the fifth gear is (pardon my French) the Piece de resistance of these calculations. The upshift to fifth is accomplished by releasing clutch E and closing clutch C while leaving brake B and clutch D engaged. That sounds simple enough, but now all 4 gear sets are in the mix. • Since clutch C is closed, the sun gear of gear set 4, the ring gear of gear set 3 and the planetary carrier of gear set 2 spin at the speed of the input shaft.

• Since clutch D is applied, the planetary carriers for gear sets 3 and 4 are spinning at the same speed as the output. • Ring gear of gear set 1 is grounded through brake B • The first constraint is that the sun gears of gear sets 1 and 2 are rigidly linked together • The second constraint is that the sun gear of gear set 3 is rigidly linked to the ring gear of gear set 2 • The third constraint is that the planetary carrier of gear set 1 is rigidly linked to the ring gear of gear set 4 A picture is worth a 1000 words.

The sun gear for gear sets 1 and 2 is whipping around at 2.15 times the input speed due to the gear constraints. The ring gear of gear set 1 is obligated to spin at 0.72 times the input speed, which sets up an underdrive ratio of 5 th = S1 S3( R2+ S2)( R4+ S4) + S1 R2( R4 R3− S4 S3) + R1 S2 S3( S4+ R4) S1 S3( R2+ S2)( R4+ S4) + S1 R2( R4 R3− S4 S3) + R1 S2 S3 S4 = 8826 6871 = 1.285 (5) I started this calculation at 10 am, and did not finish it till 4 pm. If there is any interest, I can do a separate write up on the details of this calculation.

Sixth gear Sixth gear is achieved by locking the 3 clutches C, D, and E together while opening both brakes A and B up. This means all the gears in the transmission spin as a unit, and the ratio is quite simply 6 th = 1.000 (6) Seventh gear Seventh gear is accomplished by releasing clutch E and engaging brake A. Therefore gear sets 1 and 4 are essentially along for the ride, and gear sets 2 and 3 decide the ratio. The planetary carrier of gear set 2 and the ring gear of gear set 3 are connected to the input shat while the carrier for gear set 3 is connected to the output shaft. Gear set 2 acts as an overdrive in this configuration, with the ring gear spinning at 1.5 times the input speed. Gear set 3 acts as a mixer module since the sun gear is spinning at 1.5 times the input speed but the ring gear is turning at the same speed as the input shaft. The ratio is therefore 7 th = 1 1+ ⎛ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ S2 R2 ⎞ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎛ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ S3 S3+ R3 ⎞ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ = 120 143 = 0.839 (7) Eighth gear Eighth gear is achieved by releasing clutch C and engaging clutch E.

This means that gear sets 1 and 4 are still just along for the ride, and gear set 2 acts as an overdrive, but since clutch E is closed, all 3 members of gear set 3 spins as a unit. The ratio in this case is completely dictated by the ratio of gear set 2 8 th = R2 S2+ R2 = 96 144 = 0.667 (8) Reverse gear Reverse is achieved by locking both brakes A and B, and engaging clutch D. This means that the ring gear of gear set 2 is overdriven just like the seventh and eighth gear operation, but since the ring gear for gear set 4 is grounded and the ring gear of gear set 3 is linked to the sun gear of gear set 4, the carriers for gear set 3 and 4 spin backwards due to gear constraints. The ratio is Rev = ⎛ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ 1− R3 R4 S3 S4 ⎞ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎛ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ R2 S2+ R2 ⎞ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ = − 1744 529 = −3.297 (9) Shift feel All sequential upshifts and downshifts with this design involve just releasing one shift element and engaging another. In engineering literature, this is referred to as a “clutch to clutch” shift. Many skip shifts are also possible in the same way, e.g. A shift from Eighth to Fourth involves releasing brake A and engaging brake B while leaving clutches D and E engaged.

This transmission therefore shifts very quickly. If the torque converter is replaced by a launch clutch, this transmission would be equivalent to a dual clutch transmission. A shift from Reverse to 1st and vice versa is also a clutch to clutch shift. So when you are trying to execute than 7 point turn, this transmission will behave much better than the ZF 9 speed transmission. The ratio spacing is pretty much perfect as well. Conclusions A brilliant design, wish I had come up with it.

DC Bruce I don’t know that the situation is much different with other autoboxes in today’s world. I would much prefer to have a defective transmission replaced with one rebuilt at a factory-like facility than at Joe’s Garage. Of course, manuals are far simpler...

But the clutch has to be considered a wear item at about 100,000 miles... Very much dependent upon the driver, of course. Replacing the clutch in an RWD car is pretty simple; you just drop the transmission. But in a FWD car, I would imagine it’s a more complicated piece of work. Blue-S I don’t know if any automakers support overhauls of the 8HP transmission, but I doubt it.

I am familiar with Jaguar and Land Rover’s service of the 8HP; they sell only external seals, oil pan/filter, valve body (mechatronic assembly), fluid and torque converter. They sold a similar list of parts for the predecessor 6HP transmission.

However, I know that internal 6HP repair parts such as clutches and seals are available from transmission parts distributors and people are rebuilding them. One interesting strategy employed on both the 6HP and the 8HP is that the transmission control module and solenoids are part of the valve body and cannot be purchased separately. They call this the mechatronic assembly. LeadHead Honestly, besides the added planetary, it seems simpler in design compared to some competing transmissions. Ford example, the GM 6L80E 6-speed uses 5 friction clutches and a sprag clutch, the Chrysler 65-68RFE uses 6 friction clutches and a sprag clutch.

The ZF8 uses just 5 friction clutches. With Chrysler putting these transmission in everything, I suspect spare parts and rebuild kits will be readily available. The only thing that scares me is the integrated valvebody/solenoid pack that must be replaced as a whole. I suspect someone will eventually come out with a kit that allows it to be rebuilt though.

Timur Apakidze Chris, The inertia inside an automatic transmission is actually quite low. Engine rotational inertia tends to range from 0.2 to 0.45 kg-m^2. For comparison, the 5th gear inertia is somewhere in the region of 0.04 to 0.08 kg-m^2.

So while fifth gear operation is complicated, the losses are not that bad. I would estimate the losses at 5th gear and 2000 rpm with 20 hp road load to be no more than 1.5 hp. Please remember, even when planetary gear sets are along for the ride, they still contribute to the inertia.

Brian P While 5th gear has a lot going on, the relative speed of the gears to each other is pretty low, except for that sun gear on gear sets 1 and 2. Most of the friction in automatic transmissions – aside from torque converter slippage and operating the hydraulic pump – comes from slippage of friction plates in clutches or brakes that are NOT engaged (because the plates are sliding relative to each other). In this transmission there are only ever two clutches or brakes that are not engaged. In 5th, one of the two is the brake for the fast-spinning sun gear. Presumably they’ve paid attention in the design to minimize that friction loss. The big friction-reducer here is that once you get past third gear, the ratio steps in all the remaining gears are in the 1.2 to 1.3 range. If the engine is spinning at (say) 2500 rpm and you upshift, it only drops to around 2000 rpm.

That’s very easy to do smoothly and quickly even if the torque converter stays locked. The 1-2 and 2-3 steps are around 1.5, and with the gear reduction available, even that is doable with the converter locked without bogging the engine.

And 1st gear is low enough that it doesn’t really need further torque-converter multiplication. Net result: torque converter is only needed for starting off from a stop, then it can be locked and stay locked. That’s a big efficency-improver.

Claytori As a former owner of a ’68 VW bug, I can tell you that virtually all of these cars developed 2nd gear synchronizer problems. Hewever, just because the synchro goes doesn’t mean you can’t drive it.

You just need to double clutch when you need to downshift to 2nd. The VW was one of few cars with a fully synchronized 4 speed manual transmission at that time. Tempus fugit. A friend had a Dodge Dart with the slant six and and a 3 on the tree with non-synchro first gear. An automatic transmission assembles a bit like a set of Russian dolls.

You just stack the parts inside the case in the order you are supposed to (well, maybe a bit more complicated than that). A manual needs special jigs and shims to set up the alignment of the parts. Redav A question I have with these transmissions is: Is it desirable (meaning does it improve their performance) to minimize the number of clutch/brake functions between gears, or do the controls act fast & simultaneously enough that it doesn’t matter? Another way of asking that is if the only change from one gear to the next is a single clutch/brake engaging, does that shift feel better or occur faster than a shift that requires multiple clutches/brakes to be engaged? Another question I have is about programming.

If it is ‘easy’ to ‘jump’ multiple ratios (i.e., go straight from 8th to 4th), are these transmissions smart enough to do that? Does their programming force them to travel sequentially through each gear, or (for example) can you stomp on it in 2nd, get up to speed and then immediately shift into 7th, bypassing all the other shifts? Timur Apakidze Remi “Better”ness of a design can be a difficult thing to judge objectively.

But here is my opinion – the ZF design appears to be capable of higher torque capacity at a lower weight. The ZF design also appears to be a teeny tiny bit more efficient. On the flip side, the Aisin design appears to be adaptable to FWD applications. The Aisin design decisions are likely sound as well. You have to bear in mind that things like carryover components, carryover tooling can make big differences in business cases for high capital items like transmissions. So while everyone is entitled to their opinion, anyone who thinks that the ZF design is “much better” than another transmission design from the same generation is indulging in a bit of hyperbole. This design is a good design, and let us just leave it at that.

Marc_aus Hi TA Thanks so much for this in depth review. In some vehicles fitted with this transmission a Launch Control feature is available. I have been debating on another forum how this is achieved (technically) given the presence of a tourque convertor, and what is different during a LC proceedure than just mashing both pedals This article got me thinking that maybe one or more of the clutches may be utilised to perform a clutch-drop type launch as in a DCT/DSG auto trans? Otherwise i cant understand how the LC proceedure allows higher revs pre-launch and not overstress the TC? Thanks in advance. Timur Apakidze I don’t think there is anything special going on inside the transmission for the Launch Control feature beyond going to the highest performance setting for shift times, and perhaps permitting a little higher engine speed at torque converter stall.

Launch Control has more to do with Traction Control, Front to rear torque split, etc. It is really not that much different from mashing both pedals except that all other vehicle settings are changed for an optimal launch as well with a single press of the launch control button. Also, the launches are likely going to be more consistent, which helps with bracket racing. As far as stress on the torque converter goes, a 2 pedal launch is not a big deal for a torque converter, unless of course you mash both pedals for say 10 minutes. The primary stress caused by a slipping torque converter is thermal and not mechanical.

Ps: Bringing in TTAC authors for your forum debate? You sir are bringing a gun to a knife fight;) •. Marc_aus Thanks for your informed reply, this answers a few other questions also. Also comforting to know that the TC is fairly safe. I always felt the internet consensus that the TC was at any real risk doing a TC/brake 2-pedal launch was unfounded anyway; with the TCU communicating with the ECU in all modern cars, the engine power would likely be cut prior to any damage to TC/trans I had hoped there might be something more going on technically during LC – to put the TC/automatic-naysayers in their place but alas. I still defend the term ‘slush-box’ cannot be fairly used when speaking of the ZF8 (or it’s peers) even when mated with a TC drive, given the priority to lock-up but the vast ‘a real car has three pedals’ contingent are quite staunch in their view!

Recent Comments •: How did Tesla know the programmer had been hacking around in the car’s code? Most likely via the. •: I look forward to recalls on my Charger because FCA sends nice brochures with current offers at around the. •: Four door sedans are still flagships, they just have cargo beds and higher towing capacity now.

•: “Perhaps this car offers something that its rivals or similar cars do not.” You mean, like. •: The picture was taken when it was new. It’s actually a very Christmasy vehicle.

Hermey built it.